Kaoscript is a language that compile to regular Javascript. It takes ideas from ES6, ES7, CoffeeScript, Swift, Rust, Dart, Spider, TypeScript, Haxe, C#, Java.
I have only one main reason: it's not recommended to extends natives classes to avoid any conflict with a JavaScript engine or a dependency.
It because it breaks your code consistency.
For example, to call the array's functions map and clone, it is written differently:
array.map(...)_.clone(array)
So how kaoscript is different?
kaoscript compiles array.clone() to _.clone(array) so you can keep your code consistency.
Additionally, I don't mind callbacks but async/await are easier to read but it will be only available for ES7.
- easy syntax: close to ES6 and Swift
- fully OOP: extendable native classes but fully compatible with the node.js
- partial/impl paradigm
- async/await: don't wait ES7
- check variables existences
- automatically declare variable:
i = 0=>let i = 0 - array range
- for/to, for/til, for/in, for/of, for/range, until: no more
for(;;) - comprehensions
- typed or not
let i = 0orlet i: Number = 0 - type alias:
type float = Number - generics
- automatic typing: on assignement with operator
:= - chained operations:
1 < x < 10 - enum
- import/export:
importis the equivalent of node.jsrequire - require: declare requirements (only for a module)
- extern: explicit global scope
- attributes
- advanced parameters
With node previously installed:
npm install -g kaoscript
Executes the file hello.ks:
#![bin]
extern console
console.log('Hello World!')
with the command line kaoscript hello.ks, you will get Hello World!.
By default, a koascript file is a module.
The global atttribute #![bin] indicates that the file is a binary file (i.e. it executes itself like usual javascript file)
For Node, a module file will look as:
module.exports = function() {
...your code...
}
There are three basics ways to add external dependencies:
extern: from the global scope (extern console)import: from other dependencies (import readFile from fs)require: from the module parameters (require foo->module.exports = function(foo))
Two combined ways:
extern|require: first look into the global scope, and if not found, look into the module parametersrequire|extern: first look into the module parameters, and if not found, look into the global scope
let foo = [1, 2, 3]
let a = [1..5]
// 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
let b = [1..<5]
// 1, 2, 3, 4
let c = [1<..5]
// 2, 3, 4, 5
let d = [1<..<5]
// 2, 3, 4
let e = [1..6..2]
// 1, 3, 5
let f = [1<..<6..2]
// 3, 5
let g = [5..1]
// 5, 4, 3, 2, 1
let h = [5..1..2]
// 5, 3, 1
let i = [1..2..0.3]
// 1.0, 1.3, 1.6, 1.9
let min = 1
let max = 5
let a = [min..max]
// 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
import * from ./_number.ks
extern console, parseFoat
func alpha(n?, percentage = false): float {
let i: Number = parseFoat(n)
return 1 if i is NaN else (percentage ? i / 100 : i).limit(0, 1).round(3)
}
import * from ./_string.ks
import exec from child_process
const df_regex = /([\/[a-z0-9\-\_\s]+)\s+([0-9]+)\s+([0-9]+)\s+([0-9]+)\s+([0-9]+%)\s+([0-9]+)\s+([0-9]+)\s+([0-9]+%)\s+(\/.*)/i
func disks() async {
let stdout: string, stderr = await exec('df -k')
let disks = []
let matches: Array<String?>
for line in stdout.lines() {
matches = df_regex.exec(line)
if matches {
disks.push({
device: matches[1].trim(),
mount: matches[9],
total: matches[2].toInt() * 1024,
used: matches[3].toInt() * 1024,
available: matches[4].toInt() * 1024
})
}
}
return disks
}
let d = await disks()
for x from 0 to 10 {
console.log(x)
}
// 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
for x from 0 til 10 {
console.log(x)
}
// 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
heroes = ['leto', 'duncan', 'goku']
for hero, index in heroes when index % 2 == 0
{
console.log(hero)
}
// leto, goku
heroes = ['leto', 'duncan', 'goku']
for hero in heroes until hero == 'duncan'
{
console.log(hero)
}
// leto
likes = {
leto: 'spice'
paul: 'chani'
duncan: 'murbella'
}
for key, value of likes {
console.log(`\(key) likes \(value)`)
}
// leto likes spice
// paul likes chani
// duncan likes murbella
likes = {
leto: 'spice'
paul: 'chani'
duncan: 'murbella'
}
spicyHeroes = [hero for hero, like of likes when like == 'spice']
// spicyHeroes = ['leto']
extern console: {
log(...args)
}
class Shape {
private {
_color: string
}
$create(@color)
// constructor, automatically set the instance variable '_color' as the parameter 'color'
$destroy() {
this._color = null
}
// destructor
// getter/setter
color() => this._color
color(@color) => this
draw(): string {
return `I'm drawing with a \(this._color) pen.`
}
}
class Rectangle extends Shape {
draw() {
return `\(super()) I'm drawing a \(this._color) rectangle.`
}
}
let r = new Rectangle('black')
console.log(r.draw())
// I'm drawing with a black pen. I'm drawing a black rectangle.
impl Shape {
draw(shape): string {
return `I'm drawing a \(this._color) \(shape).`
}
}
// adds dynamically the method 'draw(shape)' to the class 'Shape'
let s = new Shape('red')
console.log(s.draw())
// I'm drawing with a red pen
console.log(s.draw('circle'))
// I'm drawing a red circle.
extern console, isNaN
extern final class Number {
}
// 'final' avoid to directly extends the class Number
impl Number {
mod(max): Number {
if isNaN(this) {
return 0
}
else {
let n = this % max
if n < 0 {
return n + max
}
else {
return n
}
}
}
}
// adds dynamically the method 'mod' to the class 'Number'
let i = 42
console.log(i.mod(2))
// throw an error that 'mod' is not defined
let j: Number = 42
// typed as a Number
console.log(j.mod(2))
// <- 0
// javascript code: console.log(__ks_Number._im_mod(j, 2))
require expect: func
func foo(u?, v, x, y?, z?) {
return [u, v, x, y, z]
}
expect(() => foo()).to.throw()
expect(() => foo(1)).to.throw()
expect(foo(1, 2)).to.eql([null, 1, 2, null, null])
expect(foo(1, 2, 3)).to.eql([1, 2, 3, null, null])
expect(foo(1, 2, 3, 4)).to.eql([1, 2, 3, 4, null])
expect(foo(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)).to.eql([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
extern console
enum Color {
Red
Green
Blue
}
let color = Color::Red
console.log(color)
// 0
enum CardSuit<string> {
Clubs
Diamonds
Hearts
Spades
}
let card = CardSuit::Clubs
console.log(card)
// clubs
extern console
let number = 13
switch number {
1 => console.log("One!")
2, 3, 5, 7, 11 => console.log("This is a prime")
13..19 => console.log("A teen")
=> console.log("Ain't special")
}
Kaoscript needs a runtime to add dynamics functions on classes and to do type checking. The runtime is imported only when it's needed.
The default runtime (@kaoscript/runtime) has only the bare minimum.
You can use your own runtime with a global attribute like #![cfg(runtime(package="yourpackage"))].
Or configure the name of the runtime's variables like #![cfg(runtime(Type="YourType"))].
The current compiler targets and requires Node6
- more tests
- context packages (node4, node6, IE, FF, or Chromium)
- get more people involved ;)
- better documentation
- operator overloading
- class: versioning
- class: properties
- mixins
- traits
- struct
- full support of generics
- full support of enum
- double dot (Dart)
- Exception management (Java)
- boolean conditions
- macro
- full support of attributes
Copyright © 2016 Baptiste Augrain
Licensed under the MIT license.