Read the Python tutorial and transcribe and run the examples. Once finished, have a look at the The Hitchhiker’s Guide to Python!.
Great online resources for Python developers are among other things:
- The Python 3 Tutorial
- Documentation for Python 3
- The Hitchhiker’s Guide to Python!
- RealPython
- PyMOTW-3
- pythonspot.com - Python Tutorials
- LearnPython.org
- FullStackPython.com
- Awesome Python Github Repo
Very useful Python libraries:
- pyenv: tool to manage multiple python installations
- pip: package manager for installing Python packages
- pipenv: tool to manage project dependencies within a virtual environment
- virtualenv: tool to create isolated Python environments.
- pytest: testing tool
- ipython: interactive python shell
Python3 provides a built-in HTTP server which can be used to serve static files on a development system.
python3 -m http.server 8080
A virtual Python environment can be created using the venv command.
python3 -m venv --help
usage: venv [-h] [--system-site-packages] [--symlinks | --copies] [--clear]
[--upgrade] [--without-pip] [--prompt PROMPT]
ENV_DIR [ENV_DIR ...]
Creates virtual Python environments in one or more target directories.
positional arguments:
ENV_DIR A directory to create the environment in.
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
--system-site-packages
Give the virtual environment access to the system
site-packages dir.
--symlinks Try to use symlinks rather than copies, when symlinks
are not the default for the platform.
--copies Try to use copies rather than symlinks, even when
symlinks are the default for the platform.
--clear Delete the contents of the environment directory if it
already exists, before environment creation.
--upgrade Upgrade the environment directory to use this version
of Python, assuming Python has been upgraded in-place.
--without-pip Skips installing or upgrading pip in the virtual
environment (pip is bootstrapped by default)
--prompt PROMPT Provides an alternative prompt prefix for this
environment.
Once an environment has been created, you may wish to activate it, e.g. by
sourcing an activate script in its bin directory.
For example, to a create virtual environment in a directory called test,
you can run the following command:
python3 -m venv ./test
- Create a new Python project and and its virtual environment:
python3 -m venv project
source project/bin/activate
- Install dependencies and projects using
pip:
pip install <package>
- Leave the virtual environment:
decativate
pyenv lets you easily switch between multiple versions of Python.
It's simple, unobtrusive, and follows the UNIX tradition of single-purpose tools that do one thing well.
Project Website: github.com/pyenv/pyenv
pyenv help
Usage: pyenv <command> [<args>]
Some useful pyenv commands are:
commands List all available pyenv commands
local Set or show the local application-specific Python version
global Set or show the global Python version
shell Set or show the shell-specific Python version
install Install a Python version using python-build
uninstall Uninstall a specific Python version
rehash Rehash pyenv shims (run this after installing executables)
version Show the current Python version and its origin
versions List all Python versions available to pyenv
which Display the full path to an executable
whence List all Python versions that contain the given executable
See `pyenv help <command>' for information on a specific command.
For full documentation, see: https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv#readme
pip is the package installer for Python.
You can use pip to install packages from the Python Package Index and other indexes.
Project Website: pip.pypa.io
The table below provides the basic pip commands:
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
pip install <pkg> |
Install package <pkg> |
pip uninstall <pkg> |
Uninstall package <pkg> |
pip freeze |
Output installed packages in requirements format |
pip list |
List installed packages |
pip show <pkg> |
Show information about installed packages |
pip download <pkg> |
Download package <pkg> |
pip search <term> |
Search PyPI for package |
Pipenv is a tool that aims to bring the best of all packaging worlds
(bundler, composer, npm, cargo, yarn, etc.) to the Python world.
Windows is a first-class citizen, in our world.
Project Website: github.com/pypa/pipenv
pipenv --help
Usage: pipenv [OPTIONS] COMMAND [ARGS]...
Options:
--update Update Pipenv & pip to latest.
--where Output project home information.
--venv Output virtualenv information.
--py Output Python interpreter information.
--envs Output Environment Variable options.
--rm Remove the virtualenv.
--bare Minimal output.
--completion Output completion (to be eval'd).
--man Display manpage.
--three / --two Use Python 3/2 when creating virtualenv.
--python TEXT Specify which version of Python virtualenv should use.
--site-packages Enable site-packages for the virtualenv.
--jumbotron An easter egg, effectively.
--version Show the version and exit.
-h, --help Show this message and exit.
Usage Examples:
Create a new project using Python 3.6, specifically:
$ pipenv --python 3.6
Install all dependencies for a project (including dev):
$ pipenv install --dev
Create a lockfile containing pre-releases:
$ pipenv lock --pre
Show a graph of your installed dependencies:
$ pipenv graph
Check your installed dependencies for security vulnerabilties:
$ pipenv check
Install a local setup.py into your virtual environment/Pipfile:
$ pipenv install -e .
Commands:
check Checks for security vulnerabilities and...
graph Displays currently–installed dependency graph...
install Installs provided packages and adds them to...
lock Generates Pipfile.lock.
open View a given module in your editor.
run Spawns a command installed into the...
shell Spawns a shell within the virtualenv.
uninstall Un-installs a provided package and removes it...
update Uninstalls all packages, and re-installs...
Install a pip package:
pipenv install <package>
Uninstall a pip package:
pipenv uninstall <package>
Spawn subshell in the virtual environment:
pipenv shell
Create Python2 virtualenv:
pipenv --two
Create Python3 virtualenv:
pipenv --three
Remove virtualenv:
pipenv --rm
Show virtualenv:
pipenv --venv