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An interactive fiction language
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This archive contains version 0m/03 of the Dialog compiler and interactive debugger, bundled with documentation and version 0.46 of the Dialog Standard Library. Directory structure: readme.txt This file. license.txt License and disclaimer. src Complete source code for the Dialog compiler and interactive debugger. prebuilt Binaries for Linux (i386, x86_64) and Windows. docs Documentation for the programming language and library. stdlib.dg The Dialog standard library. stddebug.dg The Dialog standard debugging extension. Building the software under Linux (requires a C compiler and make): cd src make (this will produce two executable files called dialogc and dgdebug) Cross-compiling the Windows version of the software under Linux (requires mingw32): cd src make dialogc.exe dgdebug.exe Project website: https://linusakesson.net/dialog/ Release notes: 0m/03, Lib 0.46 (Manual revision 31): Library: Changed how darkness is handled: Unlit objects are now reachable, and a #darkness object is added to the scope. Updated the visibility, reachability, and scope rules accordingly. Library: Added support for clothes worn underneath other clothes. Updated the visibility, reachability, and scope rules accordingly. Library: Added '(wearing $ removes $)', '(wearing $ covers $)', and '($ goes underneath $)' for specifying how wearable objects interact with each other. Library: '(look $)' now falls back on '(descr $)' by default. Library: Searching animate objects is now prevented by default. Compiler: Improved typo detection. A warning is printed for each predicate that appears in just one of the following roles: As a rule definition, as a query, and as an interface declaration. Compiler: Don't include the standard library in the total linecount when deciding whether to warn about missing metadata. Aa-backend: Print a better error message when the output isn't a regular file. Documentation: Updated the section on light and darkness. Updated the section on reachability, visibility, and scope. Added a section about clothing. Documentation: Added a note about how the compiler looks for '(library version)' to identify the library. 0m/02, Lib 0.45 (Manual revision 30): Library: SWITCH now only redirects to SWITCH ON if the object is switchable (and off). Library: EXITS now properly prints the name of an inherently dark room that is lit up by an object. Library: The output of '(list objects $ $)' no longer includes the current player. Library: Cleaned up the grammar rules to avoid ambiguous parsing of e.g. GET OUT as both '[leave]' and '[leave $]'. Library: Added PROFFER as a synonym for GIVE. Library: Added HEY as a synonym for GREET. Library: Asterisk-prefixed input is now consistently ignored, also when typed in response to disambiguation questions and in the game-over menu. Compiler: Improved the code for detecting cyclic access predicates. Debugger: Improved the algorithm for matching select statements when updating a running program. Debugger: Fixed an inconsistency in the interaction between '(uppercase)' and hyperlinks. Manual: Added clarifications on how to use '(plural name $)' and '(plural dict $)' and fixed the corresponding example in the section on identical objects. Manual: Miscellaneous improvements to Part I. 0m/01, Lib 0.44 (Manual revision 29): Language: Added '(clear old)' to clear, from the main area, any text that the player has had a chance to read. Interpreters may ignore it. Language: Added '(clear div)' to clear, hide, or fold away the current div. Interpreters may ignore it. Language: Added '(inline status bar $) ...' for redirecting output to a separate status area that appears as an ordinary div inside the main area. The inline status bar is removed from display when a new one appears. Interpreters do not have to support status areas. Language: Added '(interpreter supports status bar)' and '(interpreter supports inline status bar)' to check for these features at runtime. Library: Certain actions (commands and '[inventory]' by default) now preserve the current implicit action as set up by '(asking for object in $)' or '(asking for direction in $)'. Library: The definition of takable has changed so that TAKE ALL no longer includes items inside a held container. Library: Changed '(narrate undoing)' to '(narrate undoing $)', where the parameter is the player input being undone, as a list of words. The default rule prints this. Library: Now uses noun heads to disambiguate when the grammar calls for any object (e.g. for FIND). Library: Close doors before locking them. Library: Fixed a bug that affected EXCEPT/BUT when parsing lists of objects. Library: Added '[takable child]' grammar token, used for TAKE ALL FROM. Library: It is now deemed unlikely to put something where it already is. Library: Refactored some rules, e.g. '(location headline)'. Frontend: Don't report more than ten interface violation warnings. Frontend: Increased maximum size of word-to-object maps. All backends: '(split word $ into $)' and '(get key $)' now return digits as numbers. Z-backend: Unicode bullet falls back on '*'. Aa-backend: Improved performance thanks to new Aa-machine 0.5 features. (There is no language version 0l, for reasons of typography.) 0k/06, Lib 0.43 (Manual revision 28): Library: Added a default perform-rule saying "You can't" followed by the action description. No more blank responses. Library: Changed '($ is opaque)' to '(opaque $)' and removed the alias '($ is transparent)'. Library: Changed the output of "exits" to make compass directions clickable if library links are enabled, and to use "the" instead of "a" for doors. Library: No longer understands "open" as any open object when default actions are enabled. This prevents "open door" from being ambiguously understood as '[open #door]' and '[examine #door]' when the door is open. Library: Added "hug" as a separate action from "kiss". Hug redirects to kiss by default, for backwards compatibility. Library: The default rules for NPC actions, '(let $NPC ...)', now invoke '(notice $NPC)' to set the pronouns. Library: Make object names clickable when enumerating a complex action (if library links are enabled). Library: When printing a group of fungible objects with '(the $)', don't create a hyperlink. Library: Prevent cycles in the object tree when the player attempts to pick up an object that is their ancestor, such as a seat. Library: The default rules for climb and enter now use '(move player to $ $)'. Library: No longer redraws the status bar twice when flowing between nodes in choice mode. Library: Miscellaneous bugfixes and optimizations. Debugger: Imposed a limit of 50 undo steps, to conserve memory. Manual: Added a section about creating custom grammar tokens. Manual: Updated an example in the Items chapter. 0k/05, Lib 0.42 (Manual revision 27): Library: Added support for group actions. Library: The parser now deals properly with 'and' and ',' inside object names, so that e.g. 'take black and white photograph' does not result in two separate attempts to take the same object. Library: '(The $)' and friends now list fungible objects with a definite article, i.e. 'the N items' instead of 'N items'. Library: Improved memory performance when working with fungible objects. Debugger: An informative message is printed when attempting to display memory statistics from within the debugger. Debugger: Fixed a bug that would occasionally crash the debugger when querying a dynamic flag for a new object. Compiler: Fixed a bug in the part of the optimizer that converts predicates to static flags. Z-backend: Now triggers a paragraph break after updating the status bar, which is consistent with other backends. Z-backend: Fixed a bug where '(no space)' would be ignored immediately after a unicode character. Z-backend: Fixed an off-by-one error in the progress bar. 0k/04, Lib 0.41 (Manual revision 26): Library: Fixed a bug where objects immediately inside a closed opaque visibility ceiling weren't considered visible. Library: Open a closed container before stepping out of it. Library: Don't describe contents when opening a box from the inside. Library: Added '(Its $)'. Compiler: Warn if the last filename on the commandline does not refer to a library, i.e. a file that defines a rule for '(library version)'. Compiler: Allow '(now)' together with a double-negated flag, such as in '(now) ~($Obj is on)' when '@($ is on)' is an access predicate for '~($ is off)'. Debugger: Improved support for cursor keys in TTY driver. Manual: Removed wrongly formatted CSS comments. 0k/03, Lib 0.40 (Manual revision 25): Library: Printing the name of each object when expanding a complex action, rather than spelling out the entire action. Library: Understanding DOWN, UP, and OUT as ambiguously referring to '[leave $]' and '[go $]' when the player is respectively on a supporter, in or on a seat, or in a container. Library: '(them $)' can now deal with a list argument. Library: Allowing '(from $ go $ to room $)' to be invoked with just the first parameter bound, to backtrack over all exits. Library: '(perform [leave $])' now uses '(move player to $ $)' instead of setting the location of the player object directly. Library: Updating the environment around the player (the cache variables) before drawing the status line. Debugger: Reimplemented and simplified the algorithm for matching select statements when updating a running program. Debugger: No longer crashes when encountering output boxes while collecting words. Aa-backend: Picking shorter opcodes in some situations. 0k/02, Lib 0.39 (Manual revision 24): Compiler: Fixed a bug that prevented per-object variables from being initialized to complex values. 0k/01, Lib 0.39 (Manual revision 24): Language: Structural matching of access predicate heads. Language: (accumulate $) ... (into $) Language: Added builtin '(fully bound $)' to check if a value is bound and, in case of a list, contains only fully bound elements. Language: The '(split $ by $ into $ and $)' built-in predicate now accepts a single keyword as its second parameter (or a list of keywords, as before). Language: The character '+' may now be used in the source-code names of objects and local variables. Language: Added special keypress words @\u, @\d, @\l, @\r, @\n, @\s, and @\b. Removed '(word representing up $)' and friends. Library: Simplified grammar rules, i.e. '(grammar $ for $)' as a complement to '(understand $ as $)'. Library: Remove duplicates from the list of choices in choice-mode. Library: Added intermediate action [switch $] that delegates to [switch on $] or [switch off $]. Library: Relation objects (#on etc.) no longer have dictionary words. They appear directly inside action grammar rules instead, e.g. [put [held] on/onto [single]]. Manual: Rewrote large parts of "Understanding player input". Manual: Clarified the use of conditional labels in choice mode. Manual: Reorganized some material, e.g. Debugging has moved to the "Input and output" chapter, and '(spell out $)' is now under "Miscellaneous features". Compiler: Bugfixes and improvements to the optimizer. 0j/04, Lib 0.38 (Manual revision 23): Library: Undo is performed as an 8000 action, [undo], and reported via '(narrate undoing)'. It is still parsed as a special case. Library: When the player types an object name in response to a direct question (e.g. "To whom?"), don't understand it as a request to perform the default action (e.g. examine). Compiler: Fixed a bug that disallowed @-prefixed words in slash-expressions. Compiler: Several improvements to the optimizer. 0j/03, Lib 0.37 (Manual revision 22): Library: Choice mode. Library: Added hooks that are queried early and late on every tick. Library: Undo now operates at the level of commandlines, rather than complex actions. "UNDO" must now be typed on a line of its own, but behaves in a less surprising way. Library: Before entering a closed container, try opening it. Compiler: Fixed rare bug related to variables bound inside if-statements. Compiler: Minor optimization of collect-into. Debugger: Removed spurious blank line when entering a status bar environment. 0j/02, Lib 0.36 (Manual revision 21): Debugger: Removed stray warnings about singleton variables when merging changes to the running program. Library: Visibility is now recomputed after updating the current room variable and moving any floating objects. 0j/01, Lib 0.35 (Manual revision 21): Language: '(link)' can now be followed by any kind of statement, not just a plain list of words. Language: A new builtin, '(clear links)', turns old hyperlinks into plain text, which is useful when the scope changes drastically, e.g. when moving to a different room. Language: Added spans as an inline complement to divs. Language: There are new builtins for splitting and joining words, and for checking if a word is listed in the game dictionary. Language: The word-separating characters are now ". , ; * ( )" and double-quote. These characters are treated as individual words during input parsing, and from now on also during '(collect words)' operations, even when they appear as part of larger words in the source code. When these single-character words are printed back as values, whitespace is inhibited before ". , ; )" and after "(". Language: '(append $A $B $AB)' is now built into the language, rather than defined by the library, for performance reasons. Language: Added support for interface declarations. Library: Added OOPS command, for fixing typos. Library: Fixed a bug in how reachability is determined. Library: Fixed a bug where understand-as-any-object didn't take the specified policy into account. Compiler: Added warnings about singleton variables. Compiler: Improved ability to trace unbound values, and warn about potential interface violations. Aa-backend: Improved performance thanks to new Aa-machine 0.4 features. Manual: Moved the section about the pristineness of nested objects to the end of the Items chapter. 0i/03 Lib 0.34 (Manual revision 20): Compiler: Fixed a bug where, under very specific circumstances, a register could get overwritten by an else-clause. Aa-backend: Fixed a bug where text containing non-ASCII characters would occasionally be converted to lowercase. Debugger: Fixed a bug in how UTF-8 input is divided into words. Manual: Added a clarification about the pristineness of nested objects, including the initial possessions of the player. 0i/02 Lib 0.34 (Manual revision 19): Library: Fixed a bug in how the visibility ceiling was computed. Debugger: Removed spurious extra "Query succeeded" after each interactive query. Proper reporting of interactive queries to access predicates. Manual: Added missing multi-query asterisks to the fungibility examples. 0i/01 Lib 0.33 (Manual revision 18): Language: The initial values for ($ has parent $) are derived from a compile-time multi-query. Language: New syntax: (link) { ... } for simple lists of words. Language: (log) { ... } for printing text in a different colour, and only when running in the interactive debugger. Library: The library defines no rewrite-rules anymore. Library: Short form of appearance, '(appearance $)'. Objects are noticed if the appearance predicate is queried succesfully. Library: New standard action: '[talk to $Obj about $Topic]'. Ask/tell redirect to it by default, and it in turn redirects to '[talk to $Obj]' by default. Library: Added '(list objects $ $)'. Library: Fixed several cases of a hardcoded "is" where plural-sensitivity was required. Library: Rewrote some of the code dealing with unlikely actions. 0h/05 Lib 0.32 (Manual revision 17): Library: Facilities for implementing moving NPCs. Library: Topic objects. The unrecognized topic. Library: Added '(after $)' stage to action handling. Library: Disallow taking other people's clothing and possessions. Library: Narration callbacks for holding or wearing nothing. Library: New predicates for understanding words as any object (which must be located in a visited room, and not marked as hidden). Library: Made it possible to use '(from $ go $ to room $)' backwards, i.e. to specify the current and neighbouring rooms, and obtain the direction. Library: Adverbs for directions (e.g. above/below), and a predicate for obtaining the opposite of a direction. Library: Utility predicate to select a random element from a list. Library: Hook for inserting additional banner text. Library: Disambiguation will consider '(dict $)' synonyms. Library: Refinements to the path-finding algorithm. Added '(first step from $ to $ is $)', for when the complete path isn't needed. Manual: Documentation of the new library features, including a new NPC chapter. Manual: Brief mention of the Aa-machine 6502 interpreter, and an updated chart in the Software chapter. Z-backend: Now correctly enables auto-whitespace after a word that ends with a unicode character. Debugger: Properly deals with Delete and some other special keys. 0h/04 Lib 0.31 (Manual revision 16): Library: Rewrote shortest-path algorithm to reduce memory footprint. Library: Reduced heap usage during nested disambiguation questions. Compiler: Improved information about unbound variables in -vvv output. Compiler: Added support for '(now) ~($ has parent $)', for completeness. Compiler: Reduced temporary register usage. Added a check to report an error if we're running out of registers. Compiler: Improved optimization of if-statements. Compiler: Fixed additional corner-case bugs discovered through fuzzing. Z-backend: Allows dynamic predicates to be unset for non-objects (nothing happens). Aa-backend: Generates smaller and faster code. Aa-backend: Collecting into a value (e.g. a list expression) now works properly. Aa-backend: Fixed a compiler error due to e.g. '(#a = $X)'. Debugger: Allows dynamic predicates to be unset for non-objects (nothing happens). Debugger: Now handles auxiliary heap overflow gracefully. Debugger: Correct handling of undo inside div, e.g. from the runtime error handler. Debugger: Fixed a bug related to single-digit input. 0h/03 Lib 0.30 (Manual revision 16): Compiler: No longer crashes when trying to generate a zblorb that lacks certain metadata. 0h/02 Lib 0.30 (Manual revision 16): Debugger: Results from interactive queries to *(split $ by $ into $ and $) are displayed properly. Debugger: Attempts to define closures interactively are rejected, but no longer crash. Aa-backend: Improved code generation. 0h/01 Lib 0.30 (Manual revision 15): Language: Added support for resources, such as pictures and external links. This includes two new syntactic elements, '(define resource $)' and '(link resource $)', and two built-in predicates, '(embed resource $)' and '(interpreter can embed $)'. This feature is primarily intended for use with the aa-machine backend. Language: Added runtime check '(interpreter supports quit)'. Library: The game-over menu is displayed differently, and the 'quit' item only appears if '(interpreter supports quit)' succeeds. The normal 'quit' verb is still handled as before. 0g/06 Lib 0.29 (Manual revision 14): Library: In the before-rules for eating and drinking, only attempt to pick up the indicated object if it is edible or potable. Library: Treat "X, tell me about Y" as "ask X about Y". Library: Fixed a bug where '(describe topic $)' couldn't deal with ambiguity. Compiler: Fixed a bug related to the optimization of nested disjunctions. 0g/05 Lib 0.28 (Manual revision 14): Library and documentation: Added '(heads $)'. Debugger: Commandline option -L to disable hyperlinks in the output. This also affects '(interpreter supports links)'. Aa-backend: Now obeys the -s option for stripping away internal object names (hash tags) from the story file. Compiler: The quadruple-verbose output (-vvvv) now includes a list of all the words the story might print. With a bit of scripting, these can be sent to an external spell checker. Compiler: Fixed a bug where '(determine object $)' didn't accept integers in the input. Library: If parsing fails when default actions are enabled, don't assume that a default action was intended. Compiler: Fixed several corner-case bugs discovered through fuzzing. 0g/04 Lib 0.27 (Manual revision 13): Debugger and aa-machine backend: Improved support for Unicode characters, including case conversion. Aa-backend bugfix: Non-ASCII characters are now treated properly during string encoding. Library: Added a new '(game over option)' predicate, for adding custom options to the game over menu. Compiler: Rephrased a confusing warning message. Documentation: Clarifications and minor updates. 0g/03 Lib 0.26 (Manual revision 12): Z-machine backend: Added support for selecting the fixed-width font using CSS (font-family: monospace). Compiler bugfix: '(determine object $)' would sometimes return the same object twice. Debugger bugfix: '(uppercase)' followed by '(link $)' now works correctly. Z-machine backend: Bugfix in '(progress bar $ of $)'. Documentation: Minor updates. 0g/02 Lib 0.26 (Manual revision 11): Re-release of 0g/01, including several files that were missing. 0g/01 Lib 0.26 (Manual revision 11): Compiler: Aa-machine backend. Hyperlinks. Library: Hyperlink-related features. Library bugfix release 0.25: When parsing commands to a non-player character, understand nouns based on their relation to the actor rather than the player. 0f/07 Lib 0.24 (Manual revision 10): Documentation: Added predicate index. Various minor improvements and clarifications. Library: Style class definitions use em and ch properly. Library bugfix: With fungibility enabled, under certain circumstances, object appearances didn't get printed. Z-machine backend: ASCII fallbacks for en-dash, em-dash, and three kinds of fancy quotes. 0f/06 Lib 0.23 (Manual revision 9): Bugfix: Removed a case where the Z-machine backend would attempt to set an undefined style bit. 0f/05 Lib 0.23 (Manual revision 9): Debugger: Fixed crashing bug when hot-reloading code with closures. 0f/04 Lib 0.23 (Manual revision 9): Bugfix related to certain if-conditions. 0f/03 Lib 0.23 (Manual revision 9): Compiler: Fixed a bug in the Z-machine backend where, under certain conditions, long dictionary words didn't get truncated at compile-time. 0f/02 Lib 0.23 (Manual revision 9): Compiler: Fixed a bug that caused heavily nested conditional expressions to compile very slowly. Documentation: Removed two obsolete entries from the quick reference. 0f/01 Lib 0.23 (Manual revision 8): Introduction of closures. Related changes in the standard library. Introduction of '(div $)' and style classes. Added '(unstyle)'. Div-based control of the status bar area. Added '(progress bar $ of $)'. Removed built-in predicates: '(par $)', '(status bar width $)', '(cursor to row $ column $)'. Removed '(unbound $)'. Added '(bound $)' with opposite semantics. Corresponding changes to the documentation. Bugfix: The transcript builtins are working again. Minor bugfixes and optimizations. 0e/03 Lib 0.22 (Manual revision 7): Compiler: Internal restructuring and cleanup, as well as new optimizations. Library: Added '(them $)' for object pronouns (them, her, it, and so on). Debugger: Bugfix related to select and undo. 0e/02 Lib 0.21 (Manual revision 6): Library: In object-based disambiguation, the answer is now matched against '(the full $)'. Library: Object-based disambiguation can now be undone with a single undo. Library: Scope is now computed on the fly, whereas the current visibility is represented with global variables. Query '(recompute visibility)' to update them. The new representation has better performance due to the changes in 0e/01. Library: All objects around the perimeter of a room (not just doors) are attracted to the room. Library: Objects around the perimeter of a room are no longer in scope if the player is unable to see them. Bugfixes and performance improvements in the internals of '(determine object $)'. Bugfix related to certain multi-queries in tail position. Bugfix: Reporting a number of syntax errors instead of asserting. 0e/01 Lib 0.20 (Manual revision 5): Long-term heap for complex values stored in global and per-object variables. Removed the syntax for declaring a global variable with a maximum size. Removed '(collect words) / (and check $)'. Added '(determine object $) / (from words) / (matching all of $)'. Added support for dictionary words with essential and optional parts. Removed '(get raw input $)'. Library: Removed '(print raw input $)'. Added '(print words $)' and '(Print Words $)'. Adapted the parser to the new '(determine object $)' syntax. Various bugfixes in the debugger and compiler. 0d/02 Lib 0.19 (Manual revision 4): A couple of bugfixes in the debugger. 0d/01 Lib 0.19 (Manual revision 4): Introduced the Interactive Debugger, with corresponding modifications to the documentation. Added '(breakpoint)' built-in predicate. Library: Added '(actions on)', '(actions off)', and '(scope)' predicates to be queried from the debugger. The corresponding player-accessible commands remain in the debugging extension. Library: Modified the treatment of UNDO and AGAIN, to better support the interactive debugger. Library: Minor improvements. Library release 0.18: Added '(print raw input $)'. 0c/05 Lib 0.17 (Manual revision 3): Added support for the .z5 output format. Bugfix: '(uppercase)' now works properly with dictionary words. Library: Improved a few default responses. Added '(narrate failing to look $Dir)'. 0c/04 Lib 0.16 (Manual revision 2): Bugfix related to the allocation of a temporary register in a 'has parent' optimization. Bugfix related to nested stoppable environments. Library: Added a synonym ('toss' for 'throw'). 0c/03 Lib 0.15 (Manual revision 2): Improved disambiguation: Now the library will ask the player to choose from a list of objects, if that makes all the difference. For more complicated situations, it falls back on a numbered list of actions. Miscellaneous compiler bugfixes. 0c/02 Lib 0.14 (Manual revision 2): Compiler bugfix related to '(status bar width $)'. 0c/01 Lib 0.14 (Manual revision 2): Added slash expressions, for specifying alternatives in rule heads. In the standard library, most synonyms are now handled directly by the understand-rules instead of being rewritten. Added a mechanism for infinite loops, '(repeat forever)'. Backends are no longer required to support tail-call optimizations (the Z-machine backend still does, of course, but a future debugging backend might not). Added stemming support for non-English games. During parsing, if a word isn't found in the dictionary, Dialog will attempt to remove certain word endings (typically declared by the library) and try again. Made it possible to specify the initial values of complex global variables. Added built-in predicate '(interpreter supports undo)'. The library can now avoid suggesting UNDO in the game over menu when undo is not available. Bugfix: FIND deals correctly with (not here $) objects. Additional compiler optimizations. Removed overly restrictive feature-test macros. Library bugfix release 0.13: Bugfix: Made it possible to (try [look]) from within (intro). Bugfix: Made it possible to drive vehicles from room to room. 0b/01 Lib 0.12 (Manual revision 1): This is the first public release of Dialog. Dialog is currently in its beta stage, which means that the language may still undergo significant changes. It also means that you, dear potential story author, still have a substantial chance to influence what those changes will be. The source code for the compiler is currently rather messy, and I'm planning a major clean-up. However, it should be portable, and it works according to the language specification (as far as I know). Happy authoring!
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