This repository contains a simple benchmark test for the ToLower function in the strings package and the ToLower function in the utils package of the fiber web framework.
It is used to compare the performance of the ToLower function in the strings package, the ToLower function in the utils package of the fiber web framework, and a hybrid approach that borrows the idea to check if the string contains any uppercase characters from the ToLower function in the standard strings package and if it does, then it uses the approach from the utils package of the fiber web framework.
To run the benchmark, execute the following command:
go test -v -run=^$ -bench=B -benchmem -count=4| Benchmark | Runs | ns/op | B/op | allocs/op |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BenchmarkUtilsToLowerLowerCase-12 | 20728723.25 | 55.4275 | 72 | 3 |
| BenchmarkUtilsToLowerMixedCase-12 | 21040876.5 | 55.43 | 72 | 3 |
| BenchmarkStringsToLowerLowerCase-12 | 20979590.25 | 55.2825 | 0 | 0 |
| BenchmarkStringsToLowerMixedCase-12 | 8903027.75 | 132.175 | 72 | 3 |
| BenchmarkHybridToLowerLowerCase-12 | 48373012.75 | 23.72 | 0 | 0 |
| BenchmarkHybridToLowerMixedCase-12 | 17928221.5 | 65.115 | 72 | 3 |
| Benchmark | Runs | ns/op | B/op | allocs/op |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BenchmarkUtilsToLowerLowerCase-24 | 6282977.75 | 187.925 | 72 | 3 |
| BenchmarkUtilsToLowerMixedCase-24 | 6369836.25 | 187.525 | 72 | 3 |
| BenchmarkStringsToLowerLowerCase-24 | 9776561.5 | 121.625 | 0 | 0 |
| BenchmarkStringsToLowerMixedCase-24 | 3359413.75 | 353.325 | 72 | 3 |
| BenchmarkHybridToLowerLowerCase-24 | 15111381.25 | 76.72 | 0 | 0 |
| BenchmarkHybridToLowerMixedCase-24 | 5217725 | 227.8 | 72 | 3 |
Hybrid approach ported to gofiber utils package as IfToLower and IfToUpper functions.
PR #76
The HybridToLower function for has been optimized to improve performance, particularly when handling HTTP header values such as the "Referer" header, which can contain lengthy URLs, where the initial part of the string is often in lowercase with uppercase characters appearing later in the path component.
The optimization strategy involves utilizing the same index variable across both loops within the function. The first loop scans the string for any uppercase characters. If it finds any, it breaks, and the index variable retains its current position. The second loop then commences from this index, eliminating the need to reiterate over the initial part of the string already confirmed to be in lowercase. This approach significantly enhances performance for long strings that commence with an extended sequence of lowercase characters, such as URLs.
The benchmarks have been enhanced to include a "Referer" header and a Lorem Ipsum text string. The "Referer" header string starts with a lowercase string, followed by a lengthy path component with uppercase characters. The Lorem Ipsum text string begins with an uppercase character.
The following results, generated by the benchstat tool, compare the performance of the HybridToLower function before and after the optimization.
| Benchmark | Old (sec/op) | New (sec/op) | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| UtilsToLowerLowerCase-12 | 355.7n ± 2% | 354.3n ± 0% | -0.39% |
| UtilsToLowerMixedCase-12 | 356.1n ± 0% | 354.9n ± 0% | -0.31% |
| StringsToLowerLowerCase-12 | 615.0n ± 0% | 615.1n ± 0% | ~ |
| StringsToLowerMixedCase-12 | 1.054µ ± 0% | 1.054µ ± 0% | ~ |
| HybridToLowerLowerCase-12 | 282.8n ± 2% | 282.4n ± 0% | ~ |
| HybridToLowerMixedCase-12 | 382.2n ± 1% | 353.8n ± 0% | -7.46% |
| Geomean | 455.0n | 448.5n | -1.42% |
| Benchmark | Old (B/op) | New (B/op) | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| UtilsToLowerLowerCase-12 | 808.0 ± 0% | 808.0 ± 0% | ~ |
| UtilsToLowerMixedCase-12 | 808.0 ± 0% | 808.0 ± 0% | ~ |
| StringsToLowerLowerCase-12 | 0.000 ± 0% | 0.000 ± 0% | ~ |
| StringsToLowerMixedCase-12 | 808.0 ± 0% | 808.0 ± 0% | ~ |
| HybridToLowerLowerCase-12 | 0.000 ± 0% | 0.000 ± 0% | ~ |
| HybridToLowerMixedCase-12 | 808.0 ± 0% | 808.0 ± 0% | ~ |
| Geomean | ~ | ~ | +0.00% |
| Benchmark | Old (allocs/op) | New (allocs/op) | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| UtilsToLowerLowerCase-12 | 5.000 ± 0% | 5.000 ± 0% | ~ |
| UtilsToLowerMixedCase-12 | 5.000 ± 0% | 5.000 ± 0% | ~ |
| StringsToLowerLowerCase-12 | 0.000 ± 0% | 0.000 ± 0% | ~ |
| StringsToLowerMixedCase-12 | 5.000 ± 0% | 5.000 ± 0% | ~ |
| HybridToLowerLowerCase-12 | 0.000 ± 0% | 0.000 ± 0% | ~ |
| HybridToLowerMixedCase-12 | 5.000 ± 0% | 5.000 ± 0% | ~ |
| Geomean | ~ | ~ | +0.00% |
| Benchmark | old.txt (sec/op) | new.txt (sec/op) | vs base (sec/op) |
|---|---|---|---|
| UtilsToLowerLowerCase-24 | 1.133µ ± 1% | 1.137µ ± 1% | ~ (p=0.083 n=10) |
| UtilsToLowerMixedCase-24 | 1.131µ ± 2% | 1.129µ ± 0% | ~ (p=0.269 n=10) |
| StringsToLowerLowerCase-24 | 2.377µ ± 0% | 2.392µ ± 56B9 1% | ~ (p=0.084 n=10) |
| StringsToLowerMixedCase-24 | 3.388µ ± 0% | 3.363µ ± 0% | -0.75% (p=0.000 n=10) |
| HybridToLowerLowerCase-24 | 747.4n ± 0% | 750.1n ± 1% | ~ (p=0.289 n=10) |
| HybridToLowerMixedCase-24 | 1.281µ ± 0% | 1.146µ ± 0% | -10.54% (p=0.000 n=10) |
| geomean | 1.465µ | 1.439µ | -1.76% |
| Benchmark | old.txt (B/op) | new.txt (B/op) | vs base (B/op) |
|---|---|---|---|
| UtilsToLowerLowerCase-24 | 808.0 ± 0% | 808.0 ± 0% | ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹ |
| UtilsToLowerMixedCase-24 | 808.0 ± 0% | 808.0 ± 0% | ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹ |
| StringsToLowerLowerCase-24 | 0.000 ± 0% | 0.000 ± 0% | ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹ |
| StringsToLowerMixedCase-24 | 808.0 ± 0% | 808.0 ± 0% | ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹ |
| HybridToLowerLowerCase-24 | 0.000 ± 0% | 0.000 ± 0% | ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹ |
| HybridToLowerMixedCase-24 | 808.0 ± 0% | 808.0 ± 0% | ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹ |
| geomean | +0.00% |
| Benchmark | old.txt (allocs/op) | new.txt (allocs/op) | vs base (allocs/op) |
|---|---|---|---|
| UtilsToLowerLowerCase-24 | 5.000 ± 0% | 5.000 ± 0% | ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹ |
| UtilsToLowerMixedCase-24 | 5.000 ± 0% | 5.000 ± 0% | ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹ |
| StringsToLowerLowerCase-24 | 0.000 ± 0% | 0.000 ± 0% | ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹ |
| StringsToLowerMixedCase-24 | 5.000 ± 0% | 5.000 ± 0% | ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹ |
| HybridToLowerLowerCase-24 | 0.000 ± 0% | 0.000 ± 0% | ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹ |
| HybridToLowerMixedCase-24 | 5.000 ± 0% | 5.000 ± 0% | ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹ |
| geomean | +0.00% |