劉
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 刘
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Translingual
Han character
劉 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀+13, 15 strokes, cangjie input 竹金中弓 (HCLN), four-corner 72100, composition ⿰𨥫刂)
Derived characters
Descendants
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 144, character 39
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2224
- Dae Jaweon: page 325, character 16
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 359, character 4
- Unihan data for U+5289
Chinese
Glyph origin
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 卯 | *mruːʔ |
| 昴 | *mruːʔ |
| 泖 | *mruːʔ |
| 茆 | *mruːʔ, *m·ruʔ |
| 奅 | *m̥ʰruːs |
| 窌 | *m̥ʰruːs, *m·ruː, *m·rus |
| 聊 | *m·rɯːw |
| 貿 | *mlus |
| 鄮 | *mlus |
| 劉 | *m·ru |
| 留 | *m·ru, *m·rus |
| 蒥 | *m·ru |
| 鶹 | *m·ru |
| 騮 | *m·ru |
| 榴 | *m·ru |
| 瑠 | *ru |
| 瘤 | *m·ru, *m·rus |
| 遛 | *m·ru |
| 鎦 | *m·ru |
| 飀 | *m·ru |
| 鰡 | *m·ru |
| 嵧 | *m·ru |
| 餾 | *m·ru, *m·rus |
| 瀏 | *m·ru, *m·ruʔ |
| 懰 | *m·ru, *m·ruʔ |
| 柳 | *m·ruʔ |
| 珋 | *m·ruʔ |
| 罶 | *m·ruʔ |
| 嬼 | *m·ruʔ, *m·rus |
| 溜 | *m·rus |
| 霤 | *m·rus |
| 廇 | *m·rus |
| 塯 | *m·rus |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *m·ru): phonetic 卯 (OC *mruːʔ) + semantic 金 (“metal”) + semantic 刂 (“knife”).
Etymology
- kill, slaughter
- Probably Sino-Tibetan; compare Tedim Chin gou⁵³ / gɔʔ¹¹ < rouh / rɔʔ/h (Schuessler, 2007).
- battle-axe
- (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “From sense "kill, slaughter"?”)
- surname
- (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “From sense "battle-ax"? Compare 粵/越 "Yue peoples, state of Yue" from 戉 "battle-ax"”)
- Two origins are recorded: from 劉累 Liú Lěi, descendant of Emperor Yao and dragon-keeper of King Kong Jia of Xia; and from the Liu state (劉國) ruled by Duke Kang of Liu, younger brother of King Ding of Zhou.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Hakka
- Northern Min (KCR): liǔ
- Eastern Min (BUC): làu
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): lao2 / liu2
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6lieu
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: liú
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄡˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: lióu
- Wade–Giles: liu2
- Yale: lyóu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liou
- Palladius: лю (lju)
- Sinological IPA (key): /li̯oʊ̯³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: niu2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: liu
- Sinological IPA (key): /niəu²¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: lau4
- Yale: làuh
- Cantonese Pinyin: lau4
- Guangdong Romanization: leo4
- Sinological IPA (key): /lɐu̯²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: liu3
- Sinological IPA (key): /liu²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: liù
- Hakka Romanization System: liuˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: liu2
- Sinological IPA: /li̯u¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: liu
- Sinological IPA: /liu⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: liǔ
- Sinological IPA (key): /liu²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: làu
- Sinological IPA (key): /l̃au⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: lao2
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: láu
- Sinological IPA (key): /lau¹³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: lao2
- Sinological IPA (key): /lau²⁴/
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: liu2
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: liú
- Sinological IPA (key): /liu¹³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: liu2
- Sinological IPA (key): /liu²⁴/
- (Putian)
Note:
- lao2 - vernacular (incl. surname);
- liu2 - literary.
- lâu - vernacular (incl. surname);
- liû - literary.
Note:
- Middle Chinese: ljuw
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*mə-ru/
- (Zhengzhang): /*m·ru/
Definitions
劉
- (obsolete) a type of battle axe
- (obsolete) to kill; to slaughter
- 我王來，既爰宅于茲，重我民，無盡劉。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Book of Documents, circa 4th – 3rd century BCE
- Wǒ wáng lái, jì yuán zhái yú zī, zhòng wǒ mín, wú jìn liú. [Pinyin]
- Our king came, and fixed on this. He did so from a deep concern for our people, and did not wish to see them all being killed.
我王来，既爰宅于兹，重我民，无尽刘。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (obsolete) to conquer
- (obsolete) to wither
- (～國) State of Liu during the Zhou dynasty
- a surname
Compounds
- 三劉 / 三刘
- 乾劉 / 干刘
- 二劉 / 二刘
- 何劉 / 何刘
- 依劉 / 依刘
- 依劉客 / 依刘客
- 公劉 / 公刘
- 前劉海 / 前刘海
- 前度劉郎 / 前度刘郎 (qiándùliúláng)
- 剪劉 / 剪刘
- 劉三妹 / 刘三妹
- 劉三姐 / 刘三姐
- 劉九兒 / 刘九儿
- 劉仙掌 / 刘仙掌
- 劉伶病酒 / 刘伶病酒
- 劉伶酒 / 刘伶酒
- 劉伶鍤 / 刘伶锸
- 劉備失箸 / 刘备失箸
- 劉全進瓜 / 刘全进瓜
- 劉六 / 刘六 (Liúliù)
- 劉參軍 / 刘参军
- 劉唐下書 / 刘唐下书
- 劉四罵人 / 刘四骂人
- 劉宋 / 刘宋 (Liúsòng)
- 劉家場 / 刘家场 (Liújiāchǎng)
- 劉家隔 / 刘家隔 (Liújiāgé)
- 劉寄奴 / 刘寄奴 (liújìnú)
- 劉寵一錢 / 刘宠一钱
- 劉師哥 / 刘师哥
- 劉店 / 刘店 (Liúdiàn)
- 劉德莊 / 刘德庄 (Liúdézhuāng)
- 劉晏粟 / 刘晏粟
- 劉村 / 刘村
- 劉杜 / 刘杜
- 劉柳 / 刘柳
- 劉根 / 刘根
- 劉棉花 / 刘棉花
- 劉毅答詔 / 刘毅答诏
- 劉氏冠 / 刘氏冠
- 劉洞 / 刘洞 (Liúdòng)
- 劉海 / 刘海 (liúhǎi)
- 劉海蟾 / 刘海蟾
- 劉猛將軍 / 刘猛将军
- 劉猴 / 刘猴 (Liúhóu)
- 劉王 / 刘王 (Liúwáng)
- 劉琨舞 / 刘琨舞
- 劉生 / 刘生
- 劉白 / 刘白
- 劉白墮 / 刘白堕
- 劉盧 / 刘卢
- 劉知遠 / 刘知远
- 劉石經 / 刘石经
- 劉秀 / 刘秀
- 劉窟頭 / 刘窟头
- 劉累 / 刘累
- 劉綱 / 刘纲
- 劉胡 / 刘胡 (Liúhú)
- 劉蕡下第 / 刘𰱟下第
- 劉表牛 / 刘表牛
- 劉覽 / 刘览
- 劉豫州 / 刘豫州
- 劉賈 / 刘贾
- 劉連 / 刘连 (Liúlián)
- 劉郎 / 刘郎
- 劉郎前度 / 刘郎前度
- 劉阮 / 刘阮
- 劉阿斗
- 劉陸 / 刘陆
- 劉隨州 / 刘随州
- 劉集 / 刘集 (Liújí)
- 劉靈 / 刘灵
- 劉項 / 刘项
- 咸劉 (xiánliú)
- 姬劉 / 姬刘
- 嬴劉 / 嬴刘
- 孫劉 / 孙刘
- 安劉 / 安刘
- 屠劉 / 屠刘
- 嵇劉 / 嵇刘
- 徐劉 / 徐刘 (Xúliú)
- 應劉 / 应刘
- 打前劉海 / 打前刘海
- 曹劉 / 曹刘
- 曾劉 / 曾刘 (Zēngliú)
- 李劉馬夏 / 李刘马夏
- 楊劉 / 杨刘
- 楊劉體 / 杨刘体
- 殷劉
- 毗劉 / 毗刘
- 火劉 / 火刘
- 炎劉 / 炎刘
- 王劉 / 王刘
- 王徐應劉 / 王徐应刘
- 茂陵劉郎 / 茂陵刘郎
- 荊劉拜殺 / 荆刘拜杀
- 虔劉 / 虔刘
- 西劉 / 西刘
- 謝劉 / 谢刘
- 貙劉 / 䝙刘
- 赤劉 / 赤刘
- 遏劉 / 遏刘
- 醉劉伶 / 醉刘伶
- 阮劉 / 阮刘
- 陶劉 / 陶刘 (Táoliú)
- 青菜劉 / 青菜刘
See also
- 卯金刀 (Mǎojīndāo)
Descendants
Japanese
Kanji
劉
Readings
Proper noun
Korean
Hanja
Wikisource 劉 (eumhun 죽일 류 (jugil ryu), word-initial (South Korea) 죽일 유 (jugil yu))
Vietnamese
Han character
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