豆 - Wikiwand

More information simp. and trad., alternative forms ...

simp. and trad.		豆
alternative forms		荳 “bean”

Wikipedia has articles on:

豆 (Written Standard Chinese^?)
豆 (器皿) (Written Standard Chinese^?)

Glyph origin

More information Historical forms of the character 豆, Shang ...

Historical forms of the character 豆
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

More information Old Chinese ...

	Old Chinese
侸	*toː
剅	toː, roː
郖	toː, doːs
鬪	*toːs
鋀	*tʰoː
頭	*doː
豆	*doːs
逗	doːs, dos
痘	*doːs
梪	*doːs
脰	*doːs
荳	*doːs
浢	*doːs
餖	*doːs
毭	*doːs
豎	*djoʔ
裋	*djoʔ
短	*toːnʔ

Characters in the same phonetic series (豆) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

Pictogram (象形) – some kind of container. Borrowed phonetically for the plant name. Displaced Old Chinese 菽 (shū). Unrelated to the bottom part of 豊.

Etymology

Derived from 頭 (OC *doː), ultimately from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *du (“head”) (STEDT).

"Soybean > bean" is possibly the same word as "round vessel" (Unger, 1984)

Pronunciation

More information Variety, Location ...

Variety	Location	edit 豆
Mandarin	Beijing	/tou⁵¹/
	Harbin	/tou⁵³/
	Tianjin	/tou⁵³/
	Jinan	/tou²¹/
	Qingdao	/tou⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/tou³¹²/
	Xi'an	/tou⁴⁴/
	Xining	/tɯ²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/təu¹³/
	Lanzhou	/tou¹³/
	Ürümqi	/tɤu²¹³/
	Wuhan	/təu³⁵/
	Chengdu	/təu¹³/
	Guiyang	/təu²¹³/
	Kunming	/təu²¹²/
	Nanjing	/təɯ⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/tɯ⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/təu⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/təu³⁵/
	Hohhot	/təu⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/dɤ²³/
	Suzhou	/dɤ³¹/
	Hangzhou	/dei¹³/
	Wenzhou	/dɤu²²/
Hui	Shexian	/tʰiu²²/
Hui	Tunxi	/tʰiu¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/təu⁵⁵/ /təu¹¹/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/dəɯ²¹/
Gan	Nanchang	/tʰɛu²¹/
Hakka	Meixian	/tʰeu⁵³/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/tʰeu⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/tɐu²²/
	Nanning	/tɐu²²/
	Hong Kong	/tɐu²²/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/tɔ²²/ /tau²²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/tɑu²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/te⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/tau³¹/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/ʔdau²³/

More information Rime, Character ...

Rime
Character	豆
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	侯 (137)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	田候切
Baxter	duwH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/dəu^H/
Pan Wuyun	/dəu^H/
Shao Rongfen	/dəu^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dəw^H/
Li Rong	/du^H/
Wang Li	/dəu^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/dʱə̯u^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dòu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	dau⁶

More information Character, Reading # ...

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	豆	豆
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	dòu	dòu
Middle Chinese	‹ duw^H ›	‹ duw^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[N.t]ˁo-s/	/*[d]ˁok-s/
English	bean	vessel with a neck
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

More information Zhengzhang system (2003), Character ...

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	豆
Reading #	1/1
No.	2466
Phonetic component	豆
Rime group	侯
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*doːs/

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): dòu (dou⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄉㄡˋ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): dou⁴

(Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): dōu

(Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): dōu
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): dau⁶ / dau^6-2

(Dongguan, Jyutping++): daau³

(Taishan, Wiktionary): eu⁵

(Yangjiang, Jyutping++): dau⁶
Gan (Wiktionary): teu⁵
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): thèu

(Hailu, HRS): teu^˖

(Meixian, Guangdong): têu⁴
Jin (Wiktionary): dou³
Northern Min (KCR): dē
Eastern Min (BUC): dâu
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): dao⁵ / dieo⁵
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): tāu / tiō / tō͘

(Teochew, Peng'im): dao⁷ / dou⁶

(Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): dao¹ / deu⁷
Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): dau⁶
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶deu / ⁶doe / ⁶de / ⁶dei
- (Jinhua): ⁶dieu
Xiang
(Changsha, Wiktionary): dou⁵

(Loudi, Wiktionary): ddieu⁵

(Hengyang, Wiktionary): dou⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: dòu
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄡˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: dòu
  - Wade–Giles: tou⁴
  - Yale: dòu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dow
  - Palladius: доу (dou)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /toʊ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: dòur
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄡˋㄦ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: dòur
  - Wade–Giles: tou⁴-ʼrh
  - Yale: dòur
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dowl
  - Palladius: доур (dour)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɤʊ̯ɻʷ⁵¹/

Note: dòur - bean-related senses.

- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: dou⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: dou
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /təu²¹³/
- (Xi'an)
  - Guanzhong Pinyin: dōu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɤu⁵⁵/
- (Nanjing)
  - Nanjing Pinyin: dōu
  - Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): dou⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /təɯ⁴⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: dau⁶ / dau^6-2
  - Yale: dauh / dáu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dau⁶ / dau^6-2
  - Guangdong Romanization: deo⁶ / deo^6-2
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɐu̯²²/, /tɐu̯²²⁻³⁵/

Note:

dau6 - used in compounds;
dau6-2 - used as a standalone noun.

- (Dongguan, Guancheng)
  - Jyutping++: daau³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tau³²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: eu⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /eu³²/
- (Yangjiang Yue, Jiangcheng)
  - Jyutping++: dau⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɐu⁵⁵/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: teu⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰɛu¹¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thèu
  - Hakka Romanization System: teu^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: teu²
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰeu̯¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: teu^˖
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰeu³³/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: têu⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰeu⁵³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: dou³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /təu⁴⁵/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: dē
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /te⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: dâu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɑu²⁴²/
Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: dao⁵
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: dāu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tau²¹/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: dieo⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tieu²¹/

Note:

dao5 - vernacular;
dieo5 - literary.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Hui'an, Zhangpu, Changtai, Longyan, General Taiwanese, Singapore, Penang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tāu
  - Tâi-lô: tāu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dau
  - IPA (Zhangpu, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tau³³/
  - IPA (Hui'an, Penang): /tau²¹/
  - IPA (Longyan): /tau⁵⁵/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /tau⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Changtai, Singapore): /tau²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Hui'an)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiō
  - Tâi-lô: tiō
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dioi
  - IPA (Hui'an): /tio²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /tio⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Zhangpu, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tō͘
  - Tâi-lô: tōo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: do
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tɔ³³/
  - IPA (Zhangpu): /tɔu³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tɔ²²/

Note:

tāu - vernacular;
tiō/tō͘ - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: dao⁷ / dou⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tāu / tŏu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tau¹¹/, /tou³⁵/

Note:

dao7 - “bean”;
dou6 - “food container”.

- (Leizhou)
  - Leizhou Pinyin: dao¹ / deu⁷
  - Sinological IPA: /tau³⁵/, /tɛu⁵⁵/

Note:

dao1 - vernacular;
deu7 - literary.

Southern Pinghua
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
  - Jyutping++: dau⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /təu²²/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai, Songjiang, Chongming, Suzhou, Shaoxing, Ningbo)
  - Wugniu: ⁶deu
  - MiniDict: deu^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³deu
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /dɤ²³/
  - Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /dɯ¹³/
  - Sinological IPA (Chongming): /dɵ³¹³/
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /døy²³¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /dɤ¹¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /dœʏ¹¹³/
- (Northern: Jiading)
  - Wugniu: ⁶doe
  - MiniDict: doe^去
  - Sinological IPA (Jiading): /dø¹³/
- (Northern: Jiaxing)
  - Wugniu: ⁶de
  - MiniDict: de^去
  - Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /de¹¹³/
- (Northern: Hangzhou, Zhoushan)
  - Wugniu: ⁶dei
  - MiniDict: dei^去
  - Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /dei¹¹³/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhoushan): /dai¹³/
- (Jinhua)
  - Wugniu: ⁶dieu
  - Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /diu¹⁴/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: dou⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /təu̯²¹/
- (Loudi)
  - Wiktionary: ddieu⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /di̯ɤ¹¹/
- (Hengyang)
  - Wiktionary: dou⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /d̥ɘu̯²¹³/

Dialectal data

Middle Chinese: duwH

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[N.t]ˤo-s/, /*[d]ˤok-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*doːs/

Definitions

豆

pod-bearing plant or its seeds; bean; pea (Classifier: 顆／颗 m; 粒 m)
綠豆／绿豆 ― lǜdòu ― mung bean

蠶豆／蚕豆 ― cándòu ― fava bean

豌豆 ― wāndòu ― pea
bean-shaped object (Classifier: 顆／颗 m; 粒 m)
咖啡豆 ― kāfēidòu ― coffee bean
(historical) stemmed shallow bowl on a round base, often with a lid and sometimes with handles, initially earthenware and used as a food container, later also made of wood or bronze and used to hold minced and pickled meats and vegetables and used in ritual sacrifice

Compounds

伊豆半島 / 伊豆半岛 (Yīdòu Bàndǎo)
俎豆
兩豆塞耳 / 两豆塞耳
冷灰爆豆
凍豆腐 / 冻豆腐
刀切豆腐
吃豆腐 (chī dòufu)
四季豆 (sìjìdòu)
土豆 (tǔdòu)
大豆 (dàdòu)
大豆油
寸馬豆人 / 寸马豆人
小豆兒 / 小豆儿
山扁豆
山豆根 (shāndòugēn)
巴豆 (bādòu)
念豆兒佛 / 念豆儿佛
扁豆 (biǎndòu)
撒豆成兵
敏豆 (mǐndòu)
料豆兒 / 料豆儿
杏仁豆腐
梅豆
棧豆 / 栈豆 (zhàndòu)
榆瞑豆重
楬豆
槐豆
毛豆 (máodòu)
油炸豆兒 / 油炸豆儿 (yóuzhádòur)
澡豆
濱豇豆 / 滨豇豆
炒豆兒 / 炒豆儿
烏豆 / 乌豆
煮豆燃萁 (zhǔdòuránqí)
燃萁煮豆
狗豆子
瓜分豆剖 (guāfēndòupōu)
瓜剖豆分
甘納豆 / 甘纳豆
甜豆 (tiándòu)
發牙豆 / 发牙豆
白小豆
白豆兒佛 / 白豆儿佛
白豆蔻 (báidòukòu)
皇帝豆 (huángdìdòu)
目光如豆
相思豆
磨豆腐
稨豆 (biǎndòu)
種豆得豆 / 种豆得豆
簞食豆羹 / 箪食豆羹
籩豆 / 笾豆
糟豆腐
紅豆 / 红豆 (hóngdòu)
綠豆 / 绿豆 (lǜdòu)
綠豆皮兒 / 绿豆皮儿
綠豆稀飯 / 绿豆稀饭
綠豆糕 / 绿豆糕 (lǜdòugāo)
綠豆蠅 / 绿豆蝇
羅漢豆 / 罗汉豆 (luóhàndòu)
羽扇豆
老豆
老豆腐 (lǎodòufu)
肉豆蔻 (ròudòukòu)
胡豆 (húdòu)
臭豆
臭豆腐 (chòudòufu)
芻豆 / 刍豆
芽豆 (yádòu)
芝麻綠豆 / 芝麻绿豆 (zhīma lǜdòu)
荷蘭豆 / 荷兰豆 (hélándòu)
萁豆
菉豆 (lǜdòu)
菜豆 (càidòu)
菉豆眼
萹豆 (biǎndòu)
虎爪豆
蛾眉豆
蜜豆冰
蠶豆 / 蚕豆 (cándòu)
蠶豆症 / 蚕豆症 (cándòuzhèng)
觴豆 / 觞豆
豆乳 (dòurǔ)
豆乾 / 豆干 (dòugān)
豆兒大 / 豆儿大
豆剖
豆剖瓜分
豆嘴兒 / 豆嘴儿
豆大
豆姑娘
豆娘 (dòuniáng)
豆娘子
豆子 (dòuzi)
豆宣
豆干 (dòugān)
豆條 / 豆条
豆槐
豆汁 (dòuzhī)
豆沙 (dòushā)
豆油 (dòuyóu)
豆渣 (dòuzhā)
豆漺
豆漿 / 豆浆 (dòujiāng)
豆爽 (dòushuǎng)
豆瓣醬 / 豆瓣酱 (dòubànjiàng)
豆皮 (dòupí)
豆碹
豆秸灰
豆算
豆簽 / 豆签
豆粥
豆絲 / 豆丝
豆綠 / 豆绿 (dòulǜ)
豆羹
豆脯
豆腐
豆腐乳 (dòufurǔ)
豆腐乾 / 豆腐干
豆腐官
豆腐干
豆腐心
豆腐皮 (dòufupí)
豆腐腦 / 豆腐脑 (dòufunǎo)
豆腐衣
豆腐西施
豆腐飯 / 豆腐饭 (dòufufàn)
豆腐鯊 / 豆腐鲨 (dòufushā)
豆花 (dòuhuā)
豆芽 (dòuyá)
豆芽菜 (dòuyácài)
豆苗 (dòumiáo)
豆莢 / 豆荚 (dòujiá)
豆萁
豆萁之喻
豆萁相煎
豆萱
豆蓉
豆蒜
豆蔻 (dòukòu)
豆蔻年華 / 豆蔻年华 (dòukòuniánhuá)
豆蔻梢頭 / 豆蔻梢头
豆薯 (dòushǔ)
豆角 (dòujiǎo)
豆豉
豆豉油
豆象
豆醬 / 豆酱 (dòujiàng)
豆重榆瞑
豆雁
豆青 (dòuqīng)
豆餅 / 豆饼 (dòubǐng)
豆饌 / 豆馔
豇豆 (jiāngdòu)
豌豆 (wāndòu)
赤小豆 (chìxiǎodòu)
赤豆 (chìdòu)
跳豆
迸豆兒 / 迸豆儿
醬豆腐 / 酱豆腐 (jiàngdòufu)
野毛扁豆
野豌豆
銅豌豆 / 铜豌豆
鐵蠶豆 / 铁蚕豆
長豇豆 / 长豇豆
雲豆 / 云豆 (yúndòu)
青豆 (qīngdòu)
馬齒豆 / 马齿豆 (mǎchǐdòu)
麻婆豆腐 (mápó dòufu)
麻豆
黃豆 / 黄豆 (huángdòu)
黃豆芽 / 黄豆芽 (huángdòuyá)
黑豆

Descendants

→ Proto-Southwestern Tai: *tʰuəᴮ¹
- Ahom: 𑜌𑜥 (thū)
- Khün: ᨳ᩠ᩅᩫ᩵
- Lao: ຖົ່ວ (thūa)
- Lü: ᦷᦏᧈ (ṫho¹)
- Northern Thai: ᨳ᩠ᩅᩫ᩵
- Phake: ထုဝ် (thuw)
- Shan: ထူဝ်ႇ (thò)
- Tai Dam: ꪖ꪿ꪺ (thua2)
- Tai Dón: ꪖꪺꫀ (tho2)
- Tai Nüa: ᥗᥨᥝᥱ (thǒw)
- Thai: ถั่ว (tùua)

References

“豆”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

豆

Translingual

Han character

Derived characters

References

Chinese

Glyph origin

Etymology

Pronunciation

Definitions

Compounds

Descendants

References

Japanese

Korean

Vietnamese

Zhuang

Wikiwand - on