哀
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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Translingual
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Han character
哀 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 卜口竹女 (YRHV), four-corner 00732, composition ⿳亠口𧘇)
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 188, character 11
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3580
- Dae Jaweon: page 407, character 11
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 620, character 10
- Unihan data for U+54C0
Chinese
Glyph origin
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *qɯːl): phonetic 衣 (OC *qɯl, *qɯls) + semantic 口 (“mouth”).
Etymology 1
Probably sound-symbolic (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): ngai1
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): ghai1
- Northern Min (KCR): uói
- Eastern Min (BUC): ăi
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ai1
- Southern Min
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 1e
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ngai1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: āi
- Zhuyin: ㄞ
- Tongyong Pinyin: ai
- Wade–Giles: ai1
- Yale: āi
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ai
- Palladius: ай (aj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ˀaɪ̯⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: ngai1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ngai
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋai⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: oi1
- Yale: ōi
- Cantonese Pinyin: oi1
- Guangdong Romanization: oi1
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɔːi̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: oi1
- Sinological IPA (key): /ᵘɔi³³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: ngai1
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋai⁴²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ôi
- Hakka Romanization System: oiˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: oi1
- Sinological IPA: /oi̯²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: oiˋ
- Sinological IPA: /oi⁵³/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: ghai1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɣai¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: uói
- Sinological IPA (key): /uɛ⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: ăi
- Sinological IPA (key): /ai⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: ai1
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ai
- Sinological IPA (key): /ai⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: ai1
- Sinological IPA (key): /ai⁵⁴⁴/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: ngai1
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋai̯³³/
- (Changsha)
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: 'oj
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔˤəj/
- (Zhengzhang): /*qɯːl/
Definitions
哀
- to pity; to sympathize
- to lament; to mourn
- sad; mournful; pitiful; sorrowful
- 哀痛 ― āitòng ― sad; grieved
- grief; sorrow
- orphaned of one's mother due to her passing
- a surname
- (Suzhounese) this; these
Synonyms
Compounds
- 七哀
- 乞哀
- 乞哀告憐 / 乞哀告怜 (qǐ'āigàolián)
- 佞哀
- 修哀
- 傷哀 / 伤哀
- 八哀詩 / 八哀诗
- 凄哀
- 割哀
- 可哀 (kě'āi)
- 吞哀
- 告哀
- 含哀
- 哀丐
- 哀丘
- 哀些
- 哀人
- 哀傷 / 哀伤 (āishāng)
- 哀兵
- 哀兵必勝 / 哀兵必胜 (āibīngbìshèng)
- 哀冊 / 哀册
- 哀凶
- 哀切 (āiqiè)
- 哀匏
- 哀卹
- 哀厚
- 哀厲 / 哀厉
- 哀叩
- 哀叫 (āijiào)
- 哀吊
- 哀吁
- 哀吟
- 哀告 (āigào)
- 哀吹豪竹
- 哀咽
- 哀哉 (āizāi)
- 哀哇
- 哀哀
- 哀哀欲絕 / 哀哀欲绝
- 哀哽
- 哀哭 (āikū)
- 哀嗟
- 哀嘆 / 哀叹 (āitàn)
- 哀囀 / 哀啭
- 哀壑
- 哀壯 / 哀壮
- 哀娛 / 哀娱
- 哀婉 (āiwǎn)
- 哀子
- 哀宥
- 哀容
- 哀家 (āijiā)
- 哀家梨
- 哀察
- 哀居 (Āijū)
- 哀平
- 哀弄
- 哀弔 / 哀吊
- 哀弦
- 哀彈 / 哀弹
- 哀心
- 哀念
- 哀思 (āisī)
- 哀怛
- 哀急
- 哀怨 (āiyuàn)
- 哀恨
- 哀恕
- 哀恫
- 哀恤
- 哀悃
- 哀情 (āiqíng)
- 哀悴
- 哀悼 (āidào)
- 哀惋
- 哀悽 / 哀凄 (āiqī)
- 哀惜
- 哀悲
- 哀惶
- 哀愁 (āichóu)
- 哀惸
- 哀感
- 哀惻 / 哀恻
- 哀愍
- 哀感頑豔 / 哀感顽艳
- 哀愨 / 哀悫
- 哀愴 / 哀怆
- 哀憂 / 哀忧
- 哀慟 / 哀恸 (āitòng)
- 哀慼 / 哀戚
- 哀慕
- 哀慘 / 哀惨
- 哀憐 / 哀怜 (āilián)
- 哀憫 / 哀悯
- 哀憤 / 哀愤
- 哀懇 / 哀恳
- 哀懼 / 哀惧
- 哀戀 / 哀恋
- 哀戚 (āiqī)
- 哀拯
- 哀挽
- 哀摧
- 哀啟 / 哀启 (āiqǐ)
- 哀敬
- 哀文
- 哀時 / 哀时
- 哀書 / 哀书
- 哀曼
- 哀杖
- 哀梨
- 哀楚
- 哀榮 / 哀荣 (āiróng)
- 哀樂 / 哀乐
- 哀歌 (āigē, “elegy”)
- 哀歎 / 哀叹 (āitàn)
- 哀毀 / 哀毁
- 哀毀瘠立 / 哀毁瘠立 (āihuǐjílì)
- 哀毀骨立 / 哀毁骨立 (āihuǐgǔlì)
- 哀氣 / 哀气
- 哀求 (āiqiú)
- 哀江南賦 / 哀江南赋
- 哀江頭 / 哀江头
- 哀泣 (āiqì)
- 哀激
- 哀烏 / 哀乌
- 哀烏郎 / 哀乌郎
- 哀煢 / 哀茕
- 哀牢 (Āiláo)
- 哀狖
- 哀王孫 / 哀王孙
- 哀玉
- 哀疚
- 哀痛 (āitòng)
- 哀痛詔 / 哀痛诏
- 哀眷
- 哀矜 (āijīn)
- 哀石
- 哀祈
- 哀祭
- 哀笳
- 哀策
- 哀箏 / 哀筝
- 哀籥
- 哀籲 / 哀吁
- 哀素
- 哀絃 / 哀弦
- 哀絲 / 哀丝 (āisī)
- 哀結 / 哀结
- 哀絲豪竹 / 哀丝豪竹
- 哀而不傷 / 哀而不伤 (āi'érbùshāng)
- 哀耗
- 哀聲 / 哀声
- 哀聽 / 哀听
- 哀腸百轉 / 哀肠百转
- 哀臞
- 哀臨 / 哀临
- 哀艷 / 哀艳 (āiyàn)
- 哀苦 (āikǔ)
- 哀荒
- 哀號 / 哀号 (āiháo)
- 哀蟬曲 / 哀蝉曲
- 哀角
- 哀詞 / 哀词 (āicí)
- 哀訴 / 哀诉
- 哀詔 / 哀诏 (āizhào)
- 哀誄 / 哀诔
- 哀請 / 哀请
- 哀識 / 哀识
- 哀豔 / 哀艳 (āiyàn)
- 哀贊 / 哀赞
- 哀輓 / 哀挽
- 哀轉 / 哀转
- 哀辭 / 哀辞 (āicí)
- 哀迫
- 哀迷
- 哀酸
- 哀閔 / 哀闵
- 哀隱 / 哀隐
- 哀雅
- 哀音
- 哀響 / 哀响
- 哀頓 / 哀顿
- 哀風 / 哀风
- 哀颯 / 哀飒
- 哀駘 / 哀骀
- 哀鬱 / 哀郁
- 哀鳴 / 哀鸣 (āimíng)
- 哀鴻 / 哀鸿 (āihóng)
- 哀鴻遍地 / 哀鸿遍地
- 哀鴻遍野 / 哀鸿遍野 (āihóngbiànyě)
- 哀麗 / 哀丽
- 哀默
- 喜怒哀樂 / 喜怒哀乐 (xǐnù'āilè)
- 嗚呼哀哉 / 呜呼哀哉 (wūhū'āizāi)
- 國哀 / 国哀
- 垂哀
- 奔哀
- 奪哀 / 夺哀
- 娛哀 / 娱哀
- 孤哀子
- 寒哀
- 居哀
- 怨哀哀
- 怨怨哀哀
- 息哀
- 悲哀 (bēi'āi)
- 愍哀
- 愁哀
- 憂哀 / 忧哀
- 憂國哀民 / 忧国哀民
- 憫哀 / 悯哀
- 憐哀 / 怜哀
- 成哀
- 敘哀 / 叙哀
- 新哀
- 於乎哀哉 / 于乎哀哉
- 於呼哀哉 / 于呼哀哉 (wūhū'āizāi)
- 極哀 / 极哀
- 榮哀 / 荣哀
- 樂往哀來 / 乐往哀来
- 樂極哀來 / 乐极哀来
- 樂極生哀 / 乐极生哀
- 樂盡哀生 / 乐尽哀生
- 殺哀 / 杀哀
- 求哀
- 沈哀
- 清哀
- 牛哀
- 獨弦哀歌 / 独弦哀歌
- 生榮亡哀 / 生荣亡哀
- 生榮死哀 / 生荣死哀
- 生榮沒哀 / 生荣没哀
- 發哀 / 发哀
- 盡哀 / 尽哀
- 矜哀
- 祁哀
- 祥哀
- 禹哀
- 穆哀
- 節哀 / 节哀 (jié'āi)
- 節哀順變 / 节哀顺变 (jié'āishùnbiàn)
- 羊角哀
- 耗矣哀哉
- 致哀 (zhì'āi)
- 舉哀 / 举哀 (jǔ'āi)
- 苦竹哀絲 / 苦竹哀丝
- 苦苦哀求
- 莫里哀 (Mòlǐ'āi)
- 見哀 / 见哀
- 誌哀 / 志哀 (zhì'āi)
- 豪竹哀絲 / 豪竹哀丝
- 豪管哀弦
- 赴哀
- 遂哀
- 遣哀
- 遺哀 / 遗哀
- 酸哀
- 銜哀 / 衔哀
- 銜哀致誠 / 衔哀致诚
- 韓哀 / 韩哀
- 顧哀 / 顾哀
- 餘哀 / 余哀
- 驚哀 / 惊哀
- 鳴哀 / 鸣哀
- 鴻雁哀鳴 / 鸿雁哀鸣 (hóngyàn'āimíng)
- 黃雀哀 / 黄雀哀
- 默哀 (mò'āi)
Etymology 2
Coblin (2021) proposes that it is a contraction of Common Neo-Hakka compound 阿姆 (*a¹ moi¹), where *moi¹ may have come from earlier *moi⁴, perhaps related to 母 (OC *mɯʔ, “mother”).
Pronunciation
Definitions
哀
- (Hakka) mother
- 爺哀／爷哀 [Sixian Hakka] ― yà-ôi [Pha̍k-fa-sṳ] ― father and mother; parents
Compounds
Japanese
Kanji
哀
Readings
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 哀 (MC 'oj).
Noun
- grief; sorrow; sadness; lamentation
- 哀を思う ― ai o omou ― to feel grief; to grieve; to mourn; lament
- pity; sympathy
Synonyms
Korean
Hanja
Vietnamese
Han character
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