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es

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also: Appendix:Variations of "es"
Languages (52)
Translingual • English
Afrikaans • Alemannic German • Aragonese • Aromanian • Bavarian • Catalan • Cimbrian • Crimean Tatar • Czech • Danish • Dutch • Finnish • French • Fuyug • Galician • German • Guinea-Bissau Creole • Hunsrik • Icelandic • Ido • Indonesian • Interlingua • Kabuverdianu • Latgalian • Latin • Latvian • Lower Sorbian • Malay • Middle Dutch • Middle English • Middle French • Middle Irish • North Frisian • Norwegian Nynorsk • Occitan • Ojibwe • Old French • Old Irish • Old Norse • Pennsylvania German • Plautdietsch • Romagnol • Sawi • Scots • Spanish • Sudovian • Tagalog • Tocharian A • Turkish • Welsh
Page categories

Translingual

Etymology 1

Abbreviation of Spanish español

Symbol

es

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Spanish.

Etymology 2

Symbol

es

  1. (radio slang) a synonym for "and"
    WX HR COLD ES RAINY
    The weather here is cold & rainy.

English

Etymology 1

Noun

es (plural esses)

  1. Alternative form of ess (the name of the Latin-script letter S/s) in compounds such as "es-hook".
Derived terms

Etymology 2

From e +‎ -s.

Noun

es

  1. (rare) Alternative form of e's.

Etymology 3

Verb

es

  1. Pronunciation spelling of is.

Etymology 4

Noun

es (plural eses)

  1. The name of the Cyrillic script letter С / с.

Anagrams

Afrikaans

Etymology

From Dutch est, variant of eest, from Middle Dutch eeste (also este).

Noun

es (plural esse)

  1. fireplace
    Synonym: vuurherd

Alemannic German

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Article

es n

  1. neuter of en: a/an
Declension
More information singular, plural ...
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter
nominative/accusative en e es
dative emene enere emene
Close
  • Short forms of the dative – eme, ere, eme – are also common.

Etymology 2

From Middle High German ëȥ, from Old High German iȥ, from Proto-Germanic *it. Cognate with German es.

Pronoun

es n

  1. (personal) it
Declension
More information nominative, accusative ...
Alemannic German personal pronouns
nominative accusative dative possessive m
singular 1st person ich, imich, mimir, mier, mermin, miin
2nd
person		 familiar dudich, didir, dier, derdin, diin
polite SiIne, Ene, -neIre
3rd
person		 m erin, enimsin, siin
f si ire
n es, 's, -simsin, siin
plural 1st person mir, mer üs, öis, ois, eusüse, öise, oise, euse
2nd person ir, ier öi, euöie, eure
3rd person siine, ene, -neire
Close

Aragonese

Pronoun

es

  1. them (masculine direct object)

Synonyms

Aromanian

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Latin exeō. Compare Daco-Romanian ieși, ies.

Verb

es first-singular present indicative (third-person singular present indicative easi or ease, past participle ishitã)

  1. to leave, exit, go out
  2. (of the sun, moon) to rise
  3. (figuratively) to defecate
  • ishiri / ishire
  • ishit
  • ishitã
  • ishitor

See also

Bavarian

Etymology 1

Cognate with German es.

Pronoun

es

  1. it (nominative)
    Synonym: des
Usage notes

The usage of es is mainly impersonal. When referring to a noun, the form des is preferred.

See also
More information nominative, accusative ...
Bavarian personal pronouns
nominative accusative dative
stressed unstressed stressed unstressed stressed unstressed
1st person singular i — mi — mia (mir) ma
2nd person singular informal du — di — dia (dir) da
formal Sie — Eahna — Eahna —
3rd person singular m er a eahm 'n eahm 'n
n es, des 's des 's
f se, de 's se 's ihr —
1st person plural mia (mir) ma uns — uns —
2nd person plural eß, ihr — enk, eich — enk, eich —
3rd person plural se 's eahna — eahna —
Close

Etymology 2

Pronoun

es

  1. Alternative spelling of eß (“you”, plural)

Catalan

Etymology 1

Inherited from Latin sē.

Pronunciation

Pronoun

es (proclitic, contracted s', enclitic se, contracted enclitic 's)

  1. himself, herself, itself (direct or indirect object)
  2. oneself (direct or indirect object)
  3. themselves (direct or indirect object)
  4. each other (direct or indirect object)
Usage notes
  • es is the reinforced (reforçada) form of the pronoun. It is used before verbs beginning with a consonant.
Declension
More information strong/subject, weak (direct object) ...
Catalan personal pronouns and clitics
strong/subject weak (direct object) weak (indirect object) possessive
proclitic enclitic proclitic enclitic
singular 1st
person		 standard jo, mi3 em, m’ -me, ’m em, m’ -me, ’m meu
majestic1 nós ens -nos, ’ns ens -nos, ’ns nostre
2nd
person		 standard tu et, t’ -te, ’t et, t’ -te, ’t teu
formal1 vós us -vos, -us us -vos, -us vostre
very formal2 vostè el, l’ -lo, ’l li -li seu
3rd
person		 m ell el, l’ -lo, ’l li -li seu
f ella la, l’4 -la li -li seu
n ho -ho li -li seu
plural
1st person nosaltres ens -nos, ’ns ens -nos, ’ns nostre
2nd
person		 standard vosaltres us -vos, -us us -vos, -us vostre
formal2 vostès els -los, ’ls els -los, ’ls seu
3rd
person		 m ells els -los, ’ls els -los, ’ls seu
f elles les -les els -los, ’ls seu
3rd person reflexive si es, s’ -se, ’s es, s’ -se, ’s seu
adverbial ablative/genitive en, n’ -ne, ’n
locative hi -hi
Close

1 Behaves grammatically as plural.   2 Behaves grammatically as third person.
3 Only as object of a preposition.   4 Not before unstressed (h)i-, (h)u-.

Etymology 2

From Latin ipse.

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Article

es m sg (feminine sa, masculine plural es, masculine plural sos, feminine plural ses)

  1. (Balearic) the
Usage notes
  • In Balearic Catalan, es contrasts with el as an obviative article, but is often used in first instance.

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

Noun

es

  1. plural of e (“the letter E”)

Further reading

Cimbrian

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Middle High German ëz, iz, from Old High German iz, from Proto-West Germanic *it, from Proto-Germanic *it, nominative/accusative singular neuter of *iz. Cognate with German es.

Pronoun

es

  1. (Sette Comuni) it

Inflection

More information nominative, accusative ...
Cimbrian personal pronouns
nominative accusative dative
1st person singular ichmichmiar
2nd person
singular		 familiar dudichdiar
polite iartachòich
3rd person
singular		 m èar, arin, eniime
f zi, ze iar
n es, ises, 'siime
1st person plural bar,
bandare		zichizàndarn
2nd person plural iart,
iartàndare, artàndare		òich, achogàndarn
3rd person plural ze, zòi,
zandare		zichinnàndarn
Close

References

  • “es” in Martalar, Umberto Martello, Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo

Crimean Tatar

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *es. Compare to Kumyk эс (es), etc.

Noun

es

  1. mind, consciousness

References

Czech

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

es n (indeclinable)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter S/s.
See also

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Noun

es n

  1. inflection of eso:
    1. genitive singular
    2. nominative/accusative/vocative plural

Danish

Etymology 1

Via Middle Low German es, from Latin as.

Noun

es n (singular definite esset, plural indefinite esser)

  1. (card games) ace
    Jeg har alle esserne.
    I have all the aces.
  2. (tennis) abbreviation of servees
Declension
More information neuter gender, singular ...
Declension of es
neuter
gender		 singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative es esset esser esserne
genitive ess essets essers essernes
Close

See also

Playing cards in Danish · kort, spillekort (layout · text)
es toer treer firer femmer sekser syver
otter nier tier knægt, bonde dame, dronning konge joker

Etymology 2

Via Middle Low German esse, from Latin esse.

Noun

es c (indeclinable)

  1. (only in the expression) være i sit es
    Synonym: være i sit rette element

Noun

es n (singular definite esset, plural indefinite esser)

  1. (music) A flat; a bemol; ♭ (a note one semitone lower).

Declension

More information neuter gender, singular ...
Declension of es
neuter
gender		 singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative es esset esser esserne
genitive ess essets essers essernes
Close

References

Dutch

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch essche, from Old Dutch *aska, from Proto-West Germanic *ask, from Proto-Germanic *askaz, *askiz.

Compare West Frisian esk, English ash, German Esche, Danish ask, compare Welsh onnen, Latin ornus (“wild mountain ash”), Lithuanian úosis, Russian ясень (jasenʹ), Albanian ah (“beech”), Ancient Greek ὀξύα (oxúa, “beech”), Old Armenian հացի (hacʻi, “ash tree”).

Pronunciation

Noun

es m (plural essen, diminutive esje n)

  1. ash, ash tree, Fraxinus excelsior
  2. ash, any tree of the genus Fraxinus
Alternative forms
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Noun

es f (plural essen, diminutive esje n)

  1. (music) E-flat

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /əs/, /ɪs/
  • Hyphenation: es

Adverb

es

  1. (informal, dialectal) Alternative form of eens (“once”)
    Kom es hier ― Come over here (for a second).

Etymology 4

From Middle Dutch esche, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *atiska-. More at German Esch, Gothic 𐌰𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺 (atisk).

Pronunciation

Noun

es m (plural essen, diminutive esje n)

  1. a tract of open, often raised agricultural land near or surrounding a village or hamlet
    Synonym: enk
Alternative forms

Finnish

Etymology

From German Es (German key notation).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈes/, [ˈe̞s̠]
  • Rhymes: -es
  • Hyphenation(key): es

Noun

es

  1. (music) E-flat

Usage notes

Capitalized for the great octave or any octave below that, or in names of major keys; not capitalized for the small octave or any octave above that, or in names of minor keys.

Declension

More information nominative, genitive ...
Inflection of es (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)
nominative es esit
genitive esin esien
partitive esiä esejä
illative esiin eseihin
singular plural
nominative es esit
accusative nom. es esit
gen. esin
genitive esin esien
partitive esiä esejä
inessive esissä eseissä
elative esistä eseistä
illative esiin eseihin
adessive esillä eseillä
ablative esiltä eseiltä
allative esille eseille
essive esinä eseinä
translative esiksi eseiksi
abessive esittä eseittä
instructive — esein
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Close
More information first-person singular possessor, singular ...
Possessive forms of es (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative esini esini
accusative nom. esini esini
gen. esini
genitive esini esieni
partitive esiäni esejäni
inessive esissäni eseissäni
elative esistäni eseistäni
illative esiini eseihini
adessive esilläni eseilläni
ablative esiltäni eseiltäni
allative esilleni eseilleni
essive esinäni eseinäni
translative esikseni eseikseni
abessive esittäni eseittäni
instructive — —
comitative —eseineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative esisi esisi
accusative nom. esisi esisi
gen. esisi
genitive esisi esiesi
partitive esiäsi esejäsi
inessive esissäsi eseissäsi
elative esistäsi eseistäsi
illative esiisi eseihisi
adessive esilläsi eseilläsi
ablative esiltäsi eseiltäsi
allative esillesi eseillesi
essive esinäsi eseinäsi
translative esiksesi eseiksesi
abessive esittäsi eseittäsi
instructive — —
comitative —eseinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative esimme esimme
accusative nom. esimme esimme
gen. esimme
genitive esimme esiemme
partitive esiämme esejämme
inessive esissämme eseissämme
elative esistämme eseistämme
illative esiimme eseihimme
adessive esillämme eseillämme
ablative esiltämme eseiltämme
allative esillemme eseillemme
essive esinämme eseinämme
translative esiksemme eseiksemme
abessive esittämme eseittämme
instructive — —
comitative —eseinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative esinne esinne
accusative nom. esinne esinne
gen. esinne
genitive esinne esienne
partitive esiänne esejänne
inessive esissänne eseissänne
elative esistänne eseistänne
illative esiinne eseihinne
adessive esillänne eseillänne
ablative esiltänne eseiltänne
allative esillenne eseillenne
essive esinänne eseinänne
translative esiksenne eseiksenne
abessive esittänne eseittänne
instructive — —
comitative —eseinenne
third-person possessor
singular plural
nominative esinsä esinsä
accusative nom. esinsä esinsä
gen. esinsä
genitive esinsä esiensä
partitive esiään
esiänsä		 esejään
esejänsä
inessive esissään
esissänsä		 eseissään
eseissänsä
elative esistään
esistänsä		 eseistään
eseistänsä
illative esiinsä eseihinsä
adessive esillään
esillänsä		 eseillään
eseillänsä
ablative esiltään
esiltänsä		 eseiltään
eseiltänsä
allative esilleen
esillensä		 eseilleen
eseillensä
essive esinään
esinänsä		 eseinään
eseinänsä
translative esikseen
esiksensä		 eseikseen
eseiksensä
abessive esittään
esittänsä		 eseittään
eseittänsä
instructive — —
comitative —eseineen
eseinensä
Close

Derived terms

compounds

Anagrams

French

Pronunciation

Verb

es

  1. second-person singular present indicative of être

Anagrams

Fuyug

Noun

es (plural esing)

  1. child

References

  • Robert L. Bradshaw, Fuyug grammar sketch (2007)

Galician

Pronunciation

Verb

es

  1. second-person singular present indicative of ser

German

Alternative forms

  • 's (chiefly informal or poetic)
  • -'s

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Middle High German ëȥ, from Old High German iȥ, from Proto-Germanic *it. Compare English it.

Pronoun

es n

  1. nominative and accusative neuter third-person singular personal pronoun
    Wo ist das Buch? Es liegt auf dem Tisch. (
    Audio:(file)
    )     ― Where's the book? It’s on the table.
    Wo ist das Kind? Ich habe es. ― Where is the child? I have it.
    Welche Farbe hat das Pferd? Es ist weiß. (
    Audio:(file)
    )     ― What color is the horse? It is white.
    Ich bemerkte ein merkwürdiges bärtiges Individuum und beschloss, es im Auge zu behalten. (
    Audio:(file)
    )     ― I remarked a strange bearded individual and decided to keep an eye on him.
    Das Mädchen wusste nicht, dass es beobachtet wurde. (
    Audio:(file)
    )     ― The girl didn’t know that she was being observed.
    Jedes Vorstandsmitglied kann das Wort ergreifen, wenn es dies wünscht. (
    Audio:(file)
    )     ― Any board member may take the floor if they so wish.
    • 1952, Marie Luise Kaschnitz, Das dicke Kind:
      Das Kind sagte nichts und sah mich mit seinen kühlen Augen an. Dann war es fort.
      The child said nothing and looked at me with her cold eyes. Then she was gone.
  2. Impersonal pronoun used to refer to statements, activities, the environment etc., or as a placeholder/dummy pronoun — it, there
    Das kann es nicht geben. (
    Audio:(file)
    )     ― This is nothing that could possibly exist.
    Sie begann zu laufen, und ich tat es auch. ― She started to run, and so did I. (literally, “She began to run, and I did it also.”)
    Es war einmal eine schöne Prinzessin. (
    Audio:(file)
    )     ― There was once a beautiful princess.
    Es ist gut zu leben! (
    Audio:(file)
    )     ― It's good to be alive!
    Es regnet. (
    Audio:(file)
    )     ― It’s raining.
    Es ist sicher, dass morgen die Sonne scheinen wird. (
    Audio:(file)
    )     ― It's certain that the sun will shine tomorrow.
    Wie geht es dir? (
    Audio:(file)
    )     ― How are you doing?
    Ich bin es, Michael. (
    Audio:(file)
    )     ― It's me, Michael.
    Es spielt das Fernsehorchester. (
    Audio:(file)
    )     ― The television orchestra is playing.
    Sie wird es noch weit bringen. (
    Audio:(file)
    )     ― She is going to go far.
Usage notes
  • As a pronoun referring to people who are grammatically neutral, it is sometimes considered old-fashioned or dated to insist on using the neutral es instead of er/sie, especially for Mädchen, in spoken language, and when there is a large distance between when the person is introduced and when the corresponding pronoun is used.
  • In a small and closed set of phrases, es continues a Middle High German ës which was the genitive of ëz: Ich bin es müde ‘I am tired of it’.
  • In the colloquial speech of some areas, this pronoun is fully replaced with the demonstrative pronoun das, with which it shares the unstressed reduction /s/. This reflects a similar development for sie/die, but predates it.
Declension
More information singular, plural ...
German personal pronouns
singular plural sing. and pl.
1st person 2nd person
familiar1		 3rd person 1st person 2nd person
familiar1		 3rd person 2nd person
polite/formal
m f n
nominative ich du
-e2		 er sie
-se2		 es wir ihr sie
-se2		 Sie
Ihr3
genitive meiner
mein3		 deiner
dein3		 seiner
sein3		 ihrer seiner
sein3		 unser euer ihrer Ihrer
Euer3
dative mir dir ihm ihr ihm uns euch ihnen Ihnen
Euch3
accusative mich dich ihn sie
-se2		 es uns euch sie
-se2		 Sie
Euch3
Close

1These forms are sometimes capitalized, especially in letters.    2enclitic, colloquial    3archaic

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Article

es n

  1. (regional, colloquial) Alternative form of das
    Soll ich es Fenster zumachen?
    Should I close the window?
Usage notes
  • The contracted form 's is more common, but es is also frequently heard.

Guinea-Bissau Creole

Etymology

From Portuguese este. Cognate with Kabuverdianu es.

Pronoun

es

  1. this

Hunsrik

Pronunciation

Pronoun

es

  1. it

Inflection

More information nominative, accusative ...
Hunsrik personal pronouns
nominative accusative dative
proclitic enclitic stressed unstressed stressed unstressed
singular 1st person ich
eich		 -ich mich
meich		 meer mer
m'r
2nd person
(informal)		 du
dau/Dau		 -du, -de
-Dau, -De		 dich
deich/Deich		 deer der
d'r/D'r
3rd
person		 m er; där -er ihn en ihm em
f sie; die -se sie / ihns se eer
ehr		 re
n es; das
et, 't		 's es
et
-et, -'t		 ihm em
plural 1st person meer mer uns
uhs
2nd person deer
Ehr, Dehr		 der eich
Auch
3rd person sie; die -se sie se denne
Close

Further reading

Icelandic

Pronunciation

Noun

es n (genitive singular es or ess, nominative plural es)

  1. (music) E flat

Declension

More information singular, plural ...
Declension of es (neuter)
singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative es esið es esin
accusative es esið es esin
dative es, esi esinu esum esunum
genitive es, ess esins, essins esa esanna
Close

References

  • Kristín Bjarnadóttir, editor (2002–2025), “es”, in Beygingarlýsing íslensks nútímamáls [The Database of Modern Icelandic Inflection] (in Icelandic), Reykjavík: The Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies
  • Mörður Árnason (2019) Íslensk orðabók, 5th edition, Reykjavík: Forlagið

Ido

Etymology

By assimilation with  English is, French es, Italian essere, Spanish es.

Pronunciation

Verb

es

  1. Apocopic form of esas
    Me es hike pro ke lu volis lo. ― I am here because he wanted me here.

Indonesian

Indonesian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia id

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Dutch ijs, from Middle Dutch ijs, from Old Dutch *īs, from Proto-Germanic *īsą, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eyH-.

Noun

ès (plural es-es)

  1. ice
Alternative forms
  • ais (Malaysia, Brunei, Singapore)
Derived terms
  • es bantut
  • es batu
  • es bening
  • es brenibon
  • es buah campolai
  • es buah hunkue
  • es buah tap
  • es campur
  • es caruk
  • es cendol
  • es cendol kopi
  • es doger
  • es Fürst Pückler
  • es goyang
  • es goyobod
  • es hanyut
  • es kering
  • es kolang-kaling
  • es krim
  • es krim Neapolitan
  • es laksmana mengamuk
  • es lekat
  • es lilin
  • es loder
  • es mambo
  • es oyen
  • es pisang ijo
  • es podeng
  • es potong
  • es puter
  • es rumput laut
  • es saguer
  • es sekoteng
  • es selasih
  • es selendang mayang
  • es serpihan
  • es serut
  • es tebak
  • es teh tarik
  • es teler

Etymology 2

From Dutch es.

Noun

ès (plural es-es)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter S/s.
See also

Further reading

Interlingua

Pronunciation

Verb

es

  1. present indicative of esser: is, are, am

Kabuverdianu

Etymology 1

From Portuguese eles.

Pronoun

es

  1. they

Etymology 2

From Portuguese este.

Pronoun

es

  1. this

Latgalian

Alternative forms

  • (archaic) as

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ēź, from Proto-Indo-European *eǵ. Cognates include Latvian es and Lithuanian aš.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈæs]
  • Hyphenation: es

Pronoun

es

  1. I

Declension

More information singular, plural ...
Declension of es
singular plural
nominative es mes
genitive mane, mani myusu
dative maņ mums
accusative mani myus
locative manī myusūs
Close

See also

More information first, second ...
Latgalian personal pronouns
first second third
anaphoric logophoric
m f m f
singular es tu jis jei šys šei
plural mes jius jī juos šī šuos
Close

References

  • Nicole Nau (2011) A short grammar of Latgalian, München: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 35

Latin

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Noun

es f (indeclinable)

  1. The name of the letter S.
Usage notes
  • Multiple Latin names for the letter S, s have been suggested. The most common is es or a syllabic s, although there is some evidence which also supports, as names for the letter, sē, sss, əs, sə, and even (in the fourth- or fifth-century first Antinoë papyrus, which gives Greek transliterations of the Latin names of the Roman alphabet’s letters) ισσε (isse).
Coordinate terms

References

  • es in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Arthur E. Gordon, The Letter Names of the Latin Alphabet (University of California Press, 1973; volume 9 of University of California Publications: Classical Studies), especially pages 30–31, 42–44, and 63

Etymology 2

From Proto-Italic *es, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ési.

Pronunciation

Verb

es

  1. second-person singular present active indicative/imperative of sum ("you are") (singular) or ("be!")

Etymology 3

Form of the verb edō (“I eat”).

Pronunciation

Verb

ēs

  1. second-person singular present active indicative/imperative of edō
Synonyms

Latvian

Lower Sorbian

Malay

Middle Dutch

Middle English

Middle French

Middle Irish

North Frisian

Norwegian Nynorsk

Occitan

Ojibwe

Old French

Old Irish

Old Norse

Pennsylvania German

Plautdietsch

Romagnol

Sawi

Scots

Spanish

Sudovian

Tagalog

Tocharian A

Turkish

Welsh

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